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=**Memories from the 1880's** =

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**What Happened in the 1880s?**
The 1880s brought together self-reliance, social justices, individual rights (and restrictions), new presidential laws, economic and industrial growth and so much more. Each aspect brought in something significant to our decade. The Haymarket Riot, for example brought in the opportunity for workers at McCormick to rebel and express their voices. The Interstate Commerce Commission Appointed by the U.S. Congress helped regulate commerce and overall economical issues. The assassination of James Garfield is an extremely important part of the 1880s, because it demonstrated the lack of technology in this time period, and also promoted change. Clara Barton and her creation of the Red Cross brought compassion into the decade. Along with Jane Addams Hull House establishment, this too developed the sense of “people helping people” during the late 1880s. The Chinese exclusion act opposed this belief however as it restricted many Chinese workers. The same idea of segregation was again expressed through the Dawes Act, which included Native Americans. However, these events were some of the few that took place during a very significant decade during the 1800s.

Music Video
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The reason why we choose the song Oh My Darling Clementine was because back then it was a popular hit. The song was used to refer to the 1849 Gold Rush about how people got so caught up about gold that they forgot about their families and this one is about how a Father loses his daughter in a drowning. Even though the Gold Rush was a long time ago it was created in 1884 to remember the gold rush and meant to be a really sad love song. The pictures I choose represent important inventions and people in our time. Some peopler were Helen Keller and James A. Garfield. Some inventions important to America was the Brooklyn Bridge, the car, trains, first camera, American Red Cross, and the Bicycle. Another one was women fashion, the reason why I used a couple of pictures of them because it showed how much it changed from the 70's. It was more fashionable and bigger busts. Overall the believe the biggest one was the Statue of Liberty. It was gift given to us from France and I believed it symbolized the true friendship between France and America no matter what.

Commercial
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In this short commercial, we advertise some of the many inventions that were created during our time period - the 1880's. Some of those significant inventions and advancements comprise: electricity made commercial by the Edison Illuminating Company, creation of the peanut butter paste, production of coca-cola, creation of drinking straws, the advancement of fountain pens, the revolutionary dishwasher machines, and the seismograph. It is concrete that not all of the inventions and advancements that in actuality occured within the 1880's is present in the commercial above; however many symbols of progress of the human race are present in the commercial. The primary focal point of this commercial is to enable the viewer to acknowledge how and from where did the everyday foods/machines/necessities derive from! For example, it might be an unknown and extraneous fact to many individuals that the flavored carbonated drink, coca-cola, was created by John Pemberton and was first sold in a pharmacy store! In the short commercial video above, we have collaborated as a group to generate an innovative video in which many of the advancements of the 1800's are presented behind the facade of a short silent story. Primarily, the plot of the story comprises a boy (Dennis) and a girl (Kristina), who go to a restaurant for lunch. In the restaurant, the viewer is enabled to experience the events that Dennis, Kristina, and the restaurant staff (Ivanna, Paul, and Grant) go through! Please enjoy our video!

Timeline
**New Inventions**



**New Foods**





**Other Important Events**



The Haymarket Riot
By Kristina Brouse

 On May 4,1886 the workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine so began a strike in hoping of gaining a shorter work day. But police came and beat the people, even killing one person. They wanted to make work to 8 hours a day. Rallies were held all around America in support for this. The next day a rally planned by anarchist protested against the police brutality. A crowd around 20,000 came at Haymarket Square where farmers sold their produce. But it started raining so only around 2,000 people stayed, it was all peaceful till police came. Out of now where a pipe bomb was thrown to police, which killed and injured many. A period of panic spread through Chicago, hundreds were detained and torched to get a confession. Four people were found guilty and hanged. One committed suicide before being tried. Three people were tried, but let go by the governor John Peter. Eight people tried: Samuel Fielden, Louis Lingg, George Engel, Adolf Fisher, Oscar Neebe, Michael Schwab, Albert Parson, and August Spies.

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Clara Barton Creates the American Red Cross
By Grant Stevens



 The Red Cross was not created in one day. It was created by one woman, with a passion for saving lives and helping the community. Before the Red Cross was official, there were several occurrences where Ms. Barton brought medical supplies and aid to battlefields and saved many fights before and after battles. After that, she wrote a pamphlet called The Red Cross of the Geneva Convention, saying that the Red Cross is //“// // A confederation of Relief Societies in differe //// nt countries, acting under the Geneva Convention, carries on its work under the sign // // of the //// Red Cross. The // // aim of these societies is to ameliorate the condition of wounded soldiers in the armies in campaign on land or sea, and to furnish relief in cases of great national // <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: left;">// calamity” // <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">the distribution of this pamphlet united Clara Barton and her fellow relief workers as The American Red Cross.

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===<span style="background-color: #bdcabc; color: #8a6530; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: left;">**The Establishment of the Hull House Settlement by Jane Addams** ===

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">by Ivanna Puruganan

During this time period, the idea of settlement homes were soon traveling towards America from England. England would put working-class men in poverty in these homes. The homes would act as a solution to help those in need.

This movement in England impacted Jane Addams. As Addams witnessed this movement while she was in England, she founded this idea of settlement homes very appealing and decided to bring it to America with her friend Ellen Starr. Lots of time and outside sources was put in order to find the right location for the settlement house. It wasn't until many Chicago-ians helped Addams out; she finally decided on a mansion owned by Charles Hull to be the establishment.In 1889, the Hull House Settlement was founded.

The Hull House establishment supports the ideas of equality within society and examples the coming-together of many different people from different backgrounds during the 1880s.

The Hull House' object was to help those in need, especially women, children, and immigrants. These beliefs were mainly influenced from their founder, Jane Addams, a supporter of women's suffrage and equal rights. These values would carry one for many more years to come and the Hull House Settlement still resides in Chicago, Illinois today.

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<span style="background-color: #bdcabc; color: #8a6530; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: right;">The Chinese Exclusion Act
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">By Paul Pham



<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Chinese exclusion act was the first law that restricted immigration within the united states. The reason for this law was because of the widely believed concept that immigrants, mainly Chinese workers, were taking away jobs and lowering their own wages. The Act stopped Chinese immigration for about 10 year, as well as making it harder for immigrants to become citizens. It was passed on May 6, 1882.

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<span style="background-color: #bdcabc; color: #8a6530; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: right;">**The Dawes Act Of 1887**
<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: right;">by Nando Tovar

On February 8, 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act, named for its author, Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts. This law gave the President permission to divide the reservation land that would later be set in small allotments to be parceled out to individuals. Native Americans on tribal “roll” were given allotments of land. As stated in the document: “To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section ; To each orphan child under eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; and To each other single person under eighteen years now living, or who may be born prior to the date of the order of the President directing an allotment of the lands embraced in any reservation, one-sixteenth of a section…”

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<span style="background-color: #bdcabc; color: #8a6530; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: left;">**The Assassination of James Garfield**
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px;">by Lauren Bellow

After beating out Winfield S. Hancock in the 1881 election, James Garfield became the United States's 20th president. He was in office for 4 months before being assassinated by a mentally disturbed man named Charles J. Guiteau. Months later, after having his open wounds probed at with unsanitary objects and fingers in an attempt to find the bullet, Garfield died due to an infection that got in his bloodstream. This is an extremely important part of the 1880s, because it shows just how much technology they lacked then and how far we've come as a nation.

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===<span style="background-color: #bdcabc; color: #8a6530; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: left;">Interstate Commerce Commission Appointed by the U.S. Congress ===

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: right;">by Dennis Gill

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As it is seen throughout the course of history and time, there are many ideas which are new to the general public and because these ideas are new many industries take advantage of this factor. This can be seen in the decade of economic and industrial growth - the 1880s. However, during this decade one industry was accelerating beyond all of the others, this was the __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">//Rail Road Industry// __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">! During the 1880's, the United States railroad industry progressed at rather rapid pace. At the initiation of these industries, what came to be was that privately owned railroad companies successfully established stable monopolies in the regions they were active and operating. However; considering the revenue the new concept procured influenced the companies to expand their networks beyond each others' boundaries of monopolies.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The result of this expansion of networks was evident - competition. The federal government supported the railroad industry to the extent that it granted land spaced to the companies on to which they could lay their tracks. It is also significant that because transportation was taking a revolutionary turning point, many states and even small towns tried to attract railroad companies to expand in their directions in order to increase commerce!

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">However; soon after the railroad industries had expanded to about thirty thousand miles of covered land in the United States, a troubling issue took verbosity. The railroad industry had seemed to taking a new turning point in its journey. Many private companies within the industry started to take advantage of customers by charging them extensively high prices. In addition to this unjust and infeasible act, many companies started to remove the published costs of transportations so that the customer would not know. Also, many secret rebates were offered to many government officials in order to keep them on their sides.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It would be soon that a rebellion would start, and evidently it did. The rebellions escalated to the extent that the United States Congress had to get involved in the matter. Thus the U.S. Congress ordered a full investigation of the issue, and the result was crystal clear - that many privately owned companies within the railroad industry were conducting illegal actions, and unacceptable regulations were conducted by them. Thus in the Act of 1887, the United States Congress established the Interstate Commerce Commission which was to tackle these issues. It would turn out that the commission was ordered to make sure that shipping rates were reasonable, prices were published, secret rebated were outlawed, and price discrimination against the small market was against the law.

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Music Video Citations Helen Keller: [] Gun: "1888 S&W "New Advantage" Revolver - Gun & Game - The Friendliest Gun Forum on the Internet." //Gun and Game//. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.gunandgame.com/forums/powder-keg/50877-1888-s-w-new-advantage-revolver.html>. Coins: "1888 S&W "New Advantage" Revolver - Gun & Game - The Friendliest Gun Forum on the Internet." //Gun and Game//. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.gunandgame.com/forums/powder-keg/50877-1888-s-w-new-advantage-revolver.html>. Dresses "1888 Victorian Wedding Dress · Wedding Dresses Pictures." //Wedding Dresses Pictures//. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://weddingdressesgallery.com/?p=27>. Dress "File:Tissot Garden Bench Detail1.jpg." __Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tissot_Garden_Bench_Detail1.jpg>. Hair "Vintage Victorian: 1880s Evening Dress." __Vintage Victorian: Home Page__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://www.vintagevictorian.com/costume_1880e.html>. Car "California unlikes Arnold, Obama errs on car history, McCain vs. Lieberman - latimes.com." __Blogs - latimes.com__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2009/02/arnold-obama.html>. Camera "The Pioneers : An Anthology : Étienne-Jules Marey (1830 - 1904)." __Welcome to the archived website of CTIE The Monash University Centre for Telecommunications and Information Engineering__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/marey.html>. Bicycle "Safety bicycle." __Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_bicycle>. Book "Top 5 Incredibly Forbidden Books." __Education Articles - EzineMark - Free Content Article Directory__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://education.ezinemark.com/top-5-incredibly-forbidden-books-7736ddc3ca20.html>. Eiffel Tower "The Eiffel Tower under construction, 1888." __Earth: A History__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://poundoflogic.tumblr.com/post/4751767329/the-eiffel-tower-under-construction-1888>. Statue of Liberty "Flickr: city liberty Timeline." __Dipity - Find, Create, and Embed Interactive Timelines__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://www.dipity.com/tickr/Flickr_city_liberty/>. Army "Prints & Posters - The American Soldier (Set No. 2)." __U.S. Army Center Of Military History__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/amsoldier2.html>. Red Cross "Partner Agencies." __United Way of Will County Home__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://www.uwwill.org/PartnerAgencies.aspx>. Haymarket Riot "Homicide in Chicago :: The Haymarket Affair (1886)." __Homicide in Chicago :: Homicide In Chicago 1870-1930__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://homicide.northwestern.edu/context/movements/haymarket/>. Brooklyn Bridge "B&W New York City photos - Beastie Boys Message Board." __Beastie Boys Message Board - Powered by vBulletin__. 02 Dec. 2011 <http://bbs.beastieboys.com/showthread.php?t=90848>.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 7px; text-align: center;">edit by Ivanna Puruganan copyright 2011